Vi Commands

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/* HOW TO OPEN FILE THRU VI EDITOR*/

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:e filename/vi filename to open file in vi

:view filename to only view the file. restricted to write

:enew to edit new file

:new to edit new file in H split

:vnew to edit new file in V split

:tabe to edit new file in new tab

:e! return to unmodified file

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/* HOW TO NAVIGATE IN FILE */

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gg to go to start of the program

G to go to the end of the program

`` to go to the previous position

~ to reverse the case of the letter under Cursor

0 to go to the start OF the line

$ to go to the end OF the line

Ctrl-u TO up the half the page

Ctrl-d TO down the half the page

Ctrl-f TO forward the page

Ctrl-b TO backward the page

H moves cursor to HOME of the page

M moves cursor to MIDDLE of the page

L moves cursor to BOTTOM of the page

:tabe or :tabnew to open new tab

:tabp - move to previous tab

:tabn - move to next tab

gt to move to next tab

gT to move to previous tab

3gt to move to 3rd tab

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/*HOW TO SEARCH WORD IN FILE */

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/word to find the word

/\<word\> to find exact word, not worda or worddd

* to find the exact word under the cursor forward

# to find the exact word under the cursor backward

gd to find the exact word under the cursor forward

gD to find the exact word under the cursor backward

g* or g# to find cursor word without \< and \>

J to join current line with line below with space

gJ to join current line with line below without space

?word to find the word

* to find the next

n to find next in (forward)

N to find next in (downward)

:g/ gives the lines with search word

:%s//new/g will replace the last search word with new globally

% in escapemode to find the other pair of the parenthesis

:linenumber to go to that line number

nG to go that line n

ngg to go that line n

:lvim /pattern/gj *.txt will search all txt files with pattern

:lvim /raj\_.\{-}shekar/gj **/* to search for raj and after shekar

:lvim /raj\_.*shekar/gj **/* to search for raj and after shekar

:lvim /\(raj\_.*shekar\)\|\(shekar\_.*raj\)/gj **/* to search for raj and shekar in any order 

:lw used after lvim to know the search results

:lgrep -i "raj" *.txt  search all txt files with raj

[I to search all the lines containing word under cursor

:lv /pattern/gj **/*.txt to search recursively 

/^pattern search all lines starting with pattern

/pattern$ search all lines ending with pattern

/^pattern.*raj.*shekar - to search line containing pattern as first word AND raj as next AND shekar in same line.

/pattern\_.*raj - to search for pattern AND raj with multiple lines between

/.*pattern\&.*raj - search for pattern and raj in any sequence in same line

/pattern\|raj - search for pattern or raj.

/\<\d\d\d\d\> - to search for 4 digit numbers

/.*word.* - to highlight all lines containing search word

:%s/word//gn - to count the number of occurences of word in file

:%s///gn - to count number of of occureneces of previous word

:promptf to find word in windows style

:promptr to replace word in windows style

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/* HOW TO SAVE AND QUIT FILE */

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:q to quit

:q! to quit without save

:wq to save and quit

:w to write and be there in program

:x to write and exit

:x! not to write and exit

ZZ to save and exit in command mode (capital Z)

:w filename to write the content on file

:w! filename2 to overwrite the existing filename to filename2

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/* HOW TO CUT,COPY,PASTE */

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dd to delete

dw to delete the word under cursor

D to cut the line upto end of the line

yy or Y to copy the line (yank the line)

yw to yank current word under cursor

:1,10d -- to cut the lines in between 1 to 10 inclusive

:1,10y -- to yank/copy the text between 1 to 10 inclusive

:'a,'bd -- to cut the lines in between a to b marked tags inclusive

:'a,'by -- to yank/copy the lines in between a to b marked tags inclusive

:1,10 co 15 to copy all the lines from 1 to 10 (inclusive) after 15th line

:1,10 m 15 to move all the lines from 1 to 10 (inclusive) after 15th line

p to paste

shift+p to paste 

ddp to reverse 2 lines 

:t n -- copy current line after line n

:xt n -- copy line x after line n

:m n -- move the current line after line n

:xm n -- move the line x to line after line n

:r filename to paste that file at cursor position

cc to change the entire line 

cw to change the word under cursor

dG to delete from cursor line to end of file

dgg to delete from start of file to cursor line

ggdG to delete all contents in file

ggyG to yank all contents in file

d1G to delete from start of file to cursor line

nGdd to delete the line n

"bdd to yank or cut the line in one register b (it can be any letter from a to z)

"bp to paste the content in register b 

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/* HOW TO INSERT TEXT IN FILE */

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a to insert mode

i to insert mode

A to insert at end of line

I to insert at first of line

o to insert in newline (next to cursor line)

O to insert in above line of cursor

:set ro readonly mode

:set ro! to remove readonly mode

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/* HOW TO UNDO */

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u to Undo

Ctrl+r to redo 

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/* HOW TO MOVE OUT OF VI TO SHELL TO RUN UNIX COMMAND

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:shell goto shell

:sh goto shell

exit or Ctrl+d to return back to vi editor

:! command to execute that command while in VI

RETURN to come back to vi editor

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/* HOW TO REPLACE TEXT */

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:%s/old/new/g  to replace old word/letter with new word without confirmation

:%s/old/new/gc to replace old with new with confirmation

:%s/\<raj\>/she/g to replace only "raj" with "she",,not rajashekar or raja 

:1,$ s/old/new/g to replace all old with new in whole file

explanation

1 -- start of file

$ -- end of file

s -- substitute

old -- old text

new -- new text

g -- globally

:n,m s/old/new/g to replace all old to new from line n to m

:%s/\s\+$//g to remove all white spaces at end of each line

:%s/^\s\+//g to remove all white spaces at start of each line

:%s/\r//g to remove all ^M in file

:bufdo %s/pattern/substitue/ge | update replace all pattern in files to substitute

:%s/suck\|buck/loopy/gc replace suck or buck with loopy

:%s/fred/<C-R>a/g to replace fred with contents of register "a"

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/ * TO CREATE .I FILE */ 

cc -save-temps filename

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/* SET OPTIONS */

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set options

:set ai for auto indent

:set si for smart indent

:set noai for no auto indent

:set nu for number display on left side of line

:set nonu for remove the displaying numbers

:set vb t_vb= to remove the beep sound 

:set hls for highliting search word

:set nohls for not highlighting the search word

:syntax on -- to on syntax of programming

:set incsearch to set increment search

:set ic to ignore case while search

:set backspace=2 to use backspace in insert mode

:set wrap to wrap up the lines 

:set nowrap to not to wrap up the lines

:set noerrorbells to remove the beep sound

:set errorbells to set the beep sound 

:set novisualbell to remove flash

:set visualbell to set flash

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/*ESC*/

ctrl+[ is also called as escape mode

ctrl+n to complete the word 

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/* HOW TO SPLIT SCREEN */

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Split screen

:split anotherfile // horizontally spliting 

:sp filename // horizontally spliting

:vsplit anotherfile // vertically spliting

:vsp filename // vertically spliting

or at shell prompt

vi -o file1.txt file2.txt // horizontally

vi -O file1.txt file2.txt // vertically

at escape mode

ctrl-w-v to open a new window vertically

ctrl-w-n to open a new window horizontally

ctrl-w + increase the size of window

ctrl-w - decrease the size of window

ctrl-w = to equalize the size of each split window

ctrl-w | to maximize in vertical split

ctrl-w _ to maximize in Horizontal split

ctrl-w h to move to the window left

ctrl-w j to move to the window below

ctrl-w k to move to the window above

ctrl-w l to move to the window right

ctrl-w H to move current window to far right

ctrl-w J to move current window to far Down

ctrl-w K to move current window to far Up

ctrl-w L to move current window to far left

ctrl-w T to move current window to new tab

ctrl-w n to open new file in H split

ctrl-w q to close

ctrl-w o to close all splits except current window (:only also do the same)

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TO KNOW THE STATUS OF THE PROGRAM

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ctrl-G 

:f 

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TO MARK SOME POSITION IN PROGRAM AND COMING TO BACK TO THAT PROGRAM

(MARKERS)

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mp where the position is marked as p (it can be anything from a-z) 

to return back to that position p we type 'p

"ay'b to yank from current cursor line to the mark position b into register a

"ad'b to cut from current cursor line to the mark position b into register a

"ap to paste the content in that buffer

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SETTING KEYS FOR SPECIFIC OPTIONS

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nnormap <key> :set option<cr>

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TO CLEAN UP CONTROL M'S IN THE FILE 

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:%s/<control v><control m>/ /g

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LOWER CASE TO UPPER CASE

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~    to switch case of charater under the cursor

g~~ to switch case of whole line

gUU - To make the whole line upper case

guu - To make the whole line lower case

U   - In visual mode make selected to upper case

u   - In visual mode make selected to lower case

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INDENTING A FILE

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== makes the current line indent

In visual mode select the whole part and then == to indent the selected part

good settings

:set sw=4

:set smarttab

:set et 

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GLOBAL COMMAND

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:g/pattern - list all the lines having pattern

Ctrl+x Ctrl+l gives list of lines to insert

:g/pattern/d - delete all the lines having pattern

:g!/pattern/d - delete all the lines that are not having pattern

:v/pattern/d - delete all the lines that are not having pattern

:g/pattern/ copy $ - copy all the lines that are having pattern to end of file

:g/pattern/ co $ or :g/pattern/t $ also do the same as above

:g/^$/d - delete all empty lines

:g/^\s*$/d - delete all empty lines precisely

:v/\S/d - delete all empty lines

:v/./d - delete all empty lines

:g/.*/m0 - This will reverse the order of the lines in the current file.

:g/^/m0 - to reverse the file

:g/^$/,/./-j to replace mulitple empty lines with single line

:v/./,/./-j to replace mulitple empty lines with single line

:g/pattern/ .w! >> newfile.txt - writes all line having word pattern 

:.w! >> newfile.txt - writes current line into newfile

:g/pattern/ copy $ - to paste all the lines containing pattern to end of file

:g/pattern/ t $ - same as above

:g/pattern/ t 5 - to paste all the lines containing pattern after line 5

:g/start/,/end copy $ - copy from start to end to end of file

:g/start/,/end/d - to delete start to end block

:g/start/,/end/j - to join start to end.

:g/start/y A - to copy all the lines to register A

:g/^pattern/s/$/end - Add end for lines starting with pattern

:g/^/pu _ to double space the whole file

:redir @r - redirect to register r

:g/pattern - search globally

:redir end 

"rp paste the contents in register r

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MORE USEFUL COMMANDS

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:Ex opens explorer in seperate buffer 

:Sex open explorer in split

:Vex open explorer in vertical split

:Tex open explorer in new tab

:browse e open explorer in windows style to open

:bro op open explorer in windows style to open 

:bro sav open explorer in windows style to save

Ctrl+n (in insert mode) gives list of matching words to insert

Ctrl+p (in insert mode) gives list of matching words to insert

Ctrl+x Ctrl+l gives list of lines to insert

ggVGg? to rot13 the whole file

ggg?G to rot13 the whole file

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FUNCTIONS example

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use TABS to complete words 

function! Tab_Or_Complete()

  if col('.')>1 && strpart( getline('.'), col('.')-2, 3 ) =~ '^\w'

    return "\<C-N>"

  else

    return "\<Tab>"

  endif

endfunction

:inoremap <Tab> <C-R>=Tab_Or_Complete()<CR>

:set dictionary="/usr/dict/words"

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Visual Mode

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v - visual mode

V - visual mode to select whole line

gv - select last visual select

o - navigate in visual select

V% - to select match

V}J - join the selection

zf - in visual mode, fold selection

za - to open and close fold

zo - to open the fold

zc - to close the fold

zR - to open all folds

zM - to close all folds

Ctrl Q - to select columns (Visual mode)
Ctrl V - to select columns (Visual mode)
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DIFFERENCE 

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:vsp filename2 - (in filename1)

:windo diffthis - (find diff between filename1 and filename2)

do - to obtain the difference for the current line from diff file

dp - to put the difference for the current line to diff file

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MAPPING

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map <F11> : set hls! <Bar> set hls? <CR>

<CR> : Carriage Return

<ESC> : Escape

<LEADER> : \

<BAR> : |

<BACKSPACE> : backspace

<SILENT> : no hanging shell window

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ENCRYPTION 

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:X to set password for file (powerful)

:set key= to remove password for file

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REGISTERS

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:reg to show the registers

"ay yank current line to register a [26 registers]

"ap paste buffer a

[A-Z] registers are to append

[a-z] registers are to override

qaq to clear the register a - record nothing

Ctrl-r register - to paste the contents of the register in insert mode

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BUFFERS

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:ls to list all the buffers 

:bp to move to previous buffer

:bn to move to next buffer

:bd to remove from buffer

:args **/* to keep all files in the current directory in vim (SUPER)

:rew to first file in args

:te Buffers to show the menu buffer

:badd add file to buffer

:b# to alternate buffer

Ctrl-^ is to switch alternate buffers

:tab ball to open all buffers in tabs

:ball to open all buffers Horizontally 

:vert ball to open all buffers vertically

:xa save all buffers and exit

:wa write all buffers 

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RECORDING

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qq is to start recording commands - use (a-z) to record

@q to execute command in recording

n@q to execute command n times

qqq to remove recorded command

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ABBREVIATION

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:abbr USA United States of America - to set the abbreviation

type USA (in insert mode) space will give you USA.

:unabbr USA to unset the abbreaviation

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SPELL CHECKING

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:set spell - to on spell checking

:set nospell - to off spell checking

z= to get the spell corrections

[s to previous misspell

]s to next misspell

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INDENTING XML

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nJ - join n lines with one space in between

ggVGJ - to join all the lines with one space in between 

ggVg :j - to join all the lines with one space in between  

ggVg :j! - to join as it is

:%s/></>\r</g

:set filetype=xml

gg=G or ggVG= 

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INCREMENTING AND DECREMENTING 

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:nput =range(1,10) - puts 1 to 10 numbers in incrementing order at line n

:nunmap <C-A> will make Ctrl A (in windows to non map from SELECT ALL)

qq start recording in q

yy yank the current line

p paste to next line

Ctrl A to increment (Ctrl x to decrement)

q to stop the recording

12@q to repeat the recording

:for i in range(1,10) | put = 'insert into'.i | endfor

to add line numbers

:g/^/exe ":s/^".line(".")." . "

exe will execute strings in ""

. is used to concat'

line(".") gives the number of current line

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In insert mode

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Ctrl-n or Ctrl p - for matching words under cursor

Ctrl-w to delete the word under the cursor

Ctrl-r register - to paste the register contents

Ctrl-w l or Ctrl-w Ctrl-l to match the lines under the cursor 

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SORTING

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:sort to sort alphabetically

:sort! to reverse the order

:sort n to sort numbers
:sort /pattern/ - sort based on pattern very powerful

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Tracing

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`` to go back to last position

'. to go back to the last modified line

`. to go back to the last exact position

C-o to move back to previous positions (OLD)

C-i to move front positions if any (new)

:jumps to know the movements

:history to know the previous commands

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Using back reference while substitue

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\(^.*$\) - select whole line 

:%s/\(^.*$\)/blah \1 blah/g - *POWERFUL* on every line add blah at first and last

:%s/\(raj\)\(shekar\)/\2\1/g - Swapping 2 numbers with help of back reference

:%s/raj/&shekar/g - to replace raj with rajshekar - '&' to substitute search term.
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Editing at column

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Ctrl+q - column mode

/\%25c - select 25th column

/\%>25c - select all after 25th column
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Finding duplicate lines
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/\(^.*$\)\n\1 - to find duplicatel lines
:sort u  - removing duplicate lines
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